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Scientists in Australia have uncovered the mystery story behind the eccentric four - headedechidnapenis by creating an forward-looking 3D model of the peculiar organ .
There are four species of spiny anteater that , along withplatypuses , make up a unique group roll in the hay as monotremes — the modest of the three mammal groups — whose members lay eggs like boo and Pisces , but also produce Milk River like other mammalian . Much about this radical stay a closed book , the subject area researchers said .
A short-beaked echidna in Australia.
One of the biggest egg-laying mammal mysteries is the echidna penis , which has four separate heads , or glans , at the ending of the shaft of light . If that was n’t eldritch enough , only two of the heads are used during each erection , and echidna can flip-flop between which two they use .
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" Exactly how echidnas do this has always been a mystery , " the field of study researcherssaid in a statement . " But for the first time we have untangle what is going on anatomically . "
A close up of the distinctive four-headed penis emerging from the cloaca of a short beaked echidna.
Weirdness abounds
In addition to their typical shape , echidna member are also strange because , unlike those of most other mammal , they are used only for intimate breeding and not urination . Instead , echidnas use a sewerage — a multipurpose opening for urinating , make and , in females , nut laying . When not in use , echidnas ' phallus are retracted inside their bodies and emerge through the cloacal possibility when erect ; their testes , which unusually have no scrotum , persist inside their eubstance all the time .
In addition to their unlawful crotch , echidna ' spermatozoon are also unconventional and have the stupefying power of being able to work as a team .
" Ejaculated semen sample contained bundles of up to 100 sperm that are joined at the tip of their heads so they form a sphere - like form , " Jane Fenelon , lead author of the study and a reproductive biologist at the University of Melbourne , told Live Science . " These big bucks have been observed to swim progressively forward in a vigorous and coordinated radiation pattern , and bigger bundles seem to swim better than individual spermatozoon or lowly bundles . "
Very few brute ' sperm are known to do this , and the reason behind it is unknown , Fenelon tell .
Scanning the shaft
To understand more about how echidna penises work , Fenelon ’s team call on to short - beaked echidnas ( Tachyglossus aculeatus ) at a wildlife sanctuary in Australia . Unfortunately , deliver echidnas tend to have injury , usually inflicted by road collisions , that are so grave the animal are often euthanized . But as luck would have it for the researchers , the euthanized echidna ' penis are still in good enough conformation to study , Fenelon said .
research worker took the euthanized echidnas and created three-D modeling of their penises using specializedCT scan . Normal CT scans only discover hard tissue paper like bones , so the researchers stained the phallus withiodineto activate the indulgent tissues to be mapped out .
" This meant we could make a 3D model of the whole echidna phallus and its important internal structures so as to see how it operates , " the researcher wrote .
Erectile evolution
The 3D computer mannequin reveal that the urethral underground , which the sperm moves through , splits below the head into two disjoined pipe , which each separate again to allow for sperm to be delivered to each of the four heads . This makes sense , but the finding did not explicate why only two of the heads are used during sex .
" Initially , we believe we ’d find some sort of valve mechanism " that would " ensure the one - sided activeness see in echidna , " the researchers wrote . But instead of a valve , they find out that it was actually the type of tissue within the penis that was responsible .
Mammalian member consist of two master type of cavernous tissue paper — the corpus cavernosum and the corpus spongiosum . Both tissue paper occupy with blood during an hard-on , but the role of the corpus cavernosum is predominantly to provide a rigid structure to the penis , whereas the corpus spongiosum keep the urethral underground open to allow sperm to pass through .
Each tissue set off off as two different structures at the base of the penis . In most mammalian , the two corpus spongiosum structure mix into one . while the corpus cavernosum remains separated . But in short - beaked echidna , the cavernosum was coalesce while the spongiosum remained separate . This separate spongiosum tissue is what allows anteater to set up each half , or pair of oral sex , severally from the other , the research worker say .
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" We ’re not really sure " why this is beneficial to the echidna male , Fenelon enounce , " but we think it could be an reward for manful - male competition for females . "
During a freestanding experimentation on a living but anesthetized echidna , the researcher find that by alternating pair of head the individual could ejaculate 10 times in a row without significant pause . This may countenance some males to gain an advantage over others , but more experiment are ask to reassert this thought .
The study was print online April 29 in the journalSexual Development .
Originally published on Live Science .
