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The tremendous , extinct shark megalodon eclipse the seas millions of years ago , but even this fearsome ocean carnivore was n’t resistant to tooth trouble .
Recent psychoanalysis of amegalodon(Otodus megalodon ) tooth with a uncommon abnormality — a groove all the fashion down the middle — suggest that the dental deformity may retrace its roots to an injury to the giant shark ’s jaw , perhaps triggered by prey that fought back . In an example showing one potential encounter , a fish pierces the pursue predator ’s jaw with its sharp billhook , which may have set the point for the megalodon growing a split tooth .
In an artistic reconstruction, Otodus megalodon feeds upon an ancient swordfish millions of years ago. A puncture injury may have caused the abnormal development that scientists documented in the big shark’s tooth.
Another possibility is that the big shark was impale by a spine from a stingray , scientist wrote in a new written report .
In humans and other mammalian , hereditary factors , disease or injury can sometimes dissemble tooth bud and cause a dental abnormality known as " three-fold tooth pathology , " in which a exclusive tooth grows with a split running lengthwise down the center , the study authors pen . Such teeth can act two tooth buds that combined to spring one tooth , a process known as fusion , or a undivided tooth bud that divide , know as gemination . However , little is know about this pathology in shark .
For the bailiwick , researchers take apart a 4 - in ( 10 - centimeters ) long carve up megalodon tooth alongside split fogy teeth from other shark , to determine what may have caused the deformity . The scientists concluded that a traumatic combat injury was the most likely cause of the prehistorical split teeth , and the encounter that damage the megalodon tooth may have affected how the shark hunted and fed .
Normal teeth next to deformed teeth from two shark species: extinct Otodus megalodon and Carcharhinus leucas, which is still around today.
associate : bounteous shark in the earthly concern
Megalodon was one of the big predators that ever lived , measuring at least 50 foot ( 15 meters ) long andas much as 65 foot ( 20 MB ) longby some estimates , Live Science previously reported . To put that into perspective , moderngreat bloodless sharks(Carcharodon carcharias ) typically grow to be no more than 20 feet ( 6 K ) long .
Though the megalodon thriller " The Meg " ( Warner Bros Pictures , 2018 ) proposed that solitary megalodons could still mill about in the ocean depth , most megalodon fossils day of the month to around 15 million years ago , and all grounds of the giant sharks vaporize from the fossil record after they went extinct , about 2.6 million age ago .
shark have skeletons made of gristle , which is n’t as robust as off-white and typically does n’t fossilize well , so most of the megalodon fossils that survive to the present are tooth . Like modern sharks , megalodon was invariably losing tooth and maturate new ones , with a constantly regenerating supply stored in its jaw . Thanks to this so - shout out tooth conveyer belt , some sharks can turn a loss and replace ten of thousands of tooth over the course of their lifetimes , sketch co - author Haviv Avrahami , a doctorial candidate in the Department of Biological Sciences at North Carolina State University in Raleigh , recite Live Science in an email .
" That ’d be like us miss ~20 baby teeth every month , " Avrahami aver .
To find out what might be at the root of the split megalodon tooth , the researcher pored over hundred of fossil shark tooth in the aggregation of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in Raleigh . They find oneself only two more deterrent example of the strange split - tooth deformity : two teeth from the bull sharkCarcharhinus leucas , a mintage that live alongside megalodon millions of years ago ( but was much smaller , strain a maximal body length of around 12 feet , or 3.7 m ) and is still around today .
They measure the deformed teeth alongside normal teeth from the two shark metal money , then conducted computedX - raytomography , orCT scans , to map the pulp magazine cavity in the dogshit shark tooth and the vascular net inside the megalodon tooth and see how they may have developed .
Their analysis paint a picture that gemination was likelier than merger to have produced the dual teeth , based on where the pulp magazine cavities and networks split " and the deficiency of major root abnormalities " in all the doubled teeth , grant to the study . The split up teeth were also very symmetrical , which would not be the case if they formed from the nuclear fusion of two tooth bud in different developmental stages , the scientist report .
The root of the matter
As for what may have make the pathology , traumatic damage to the tooth bud from a pang wound is a more likely causal agency than disease or infection , which shark typically shrug off , Avrahami explained . " shark are weird in that they seem to be particularly resistant to getting wan with infections , " he say . For that reason , " other tooth malformation in shark are cogitate to be more likely due to trauma , " he added . Modern bull shark are known to fertilize on spiky target that can get such injuries , admit sawfish , rays and sea urchin , and while megalodon is thought to have feed mostly on nautical mammalian — and perhaps fish and turtle — its diet may have been more diverse than expected , include ocean life story bearing pointy defensive weapons .
With about 300 tooth in its mouth , the megalodon likely was n’t too troubled by a single tear tooth . But if its tooth bud had been injured by a shaft or spine that then lodged in the big shark ’s jaw , " it probably would have caused the brute a great deal of pain , possibly making it more difficult for it to hunt , " Avrahami noted .
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The study ’s closer spirit at megalodon teeth not only offers new sixth sense into dental deformity in sharks ; it also raises interrogation about how uncouth double - tooth pathology may have been in other animal lineages that also had continuous tooth replacement , such asdinosaurs(including toothed birds ) and crocodilians , Avrahami said .
" I ’ve understand a lot of hadrosaur teeth in my life , which are dinosaurs that also have encompassing tooth battery conveyor belts , and not a single one had a double tooth look to it . Why ? ? " he asked . " So , I really hope next researchers research this more . "
The findings were published May 11 in the journalPeerJ.
in the beginning bring out on Live Science .
